Earthquake is the sudden release of energy stored in rock materials below the surface of the earth. It causes shaking that can range from minor tremors to very strong shakes that can destroy buildings and cause widespread damage. Earthquakes are the result of movement between two or more tectonic plates. The point inside the earth where the earthquake starts, called the focus, may be very deep. The point on the surface directly above it, called the epicenter, is more easily located.
Scientists at JPL study the causes and effects of earthquakes. They operate a national network of seismometers that record earthquake ground motions and provide early warning to people in the affected area. They also collect detailed information from people after earthquakes to help allay public concern, co-ordinate an appropriate emergency response and improve planning for future events.
JPL scientists have developed ways to map earthquake damage, which can save time for disaster response teams. For example, after the 2019 earthquake near Ridgecrest, California, they used satellite technology to show which areas were hardest hit. They also developed a way to automatically calculate an earthquake’s intensity, which had previously been based on subjective reports of felt shaking and damage.
If you live in an earthquake-prone region, prepare for an earthquake by identifying safe places to take cover during an earthquake. Be sure to establish a meeting place with your family or friends, and keep your car keys handy so you can evacuate quickly in an emergency. If you are in your car during an earthquake, avoid overpasses, bridges, power lines and signs, and pull over if it is safe to do so.
About the Author
